ھەندێک بیروڕا ھەیە دەڵێت قەڵای ھەولێر لەوەی ئێستا بەرزتر بووە، بەڵام لە ساڵی (٢١٦ز) ئیمپراتۆڕی ڕۆمانیا (کراکلا) لە کاتێ ھێرشی بۆ سەر تیسفۆن بە ھەولێردا ڕۆیشتووە و تەپۆلکەکەی قەڵا کە گۆڕستانی پاشا کوردیەکان بووە ڕووخاندوویەتی و ئێسکوپروسکی مردووەکانی دەرھێناوە.

ئەو پەڕانەی بۆ ئەو دەستکاریکەرانەن کە لەدەرەوەن زیاتر فێر بە لێدوان

Na een Turkse nederlaag in de Allereerste Wereldoorlog werd in 1920 de Vrede aangaande Sèvres getekend tussen een Geallieerden en het Ottomaanse Rijk. Krachtens het verdrag zou Turkije heel wat territorium verliezen en daar zou tussen overige ons lokaal autonoom Koerdistan ontstaan, betreffende uitzicht op onafhankelijkheid indien met bepaalde condities zou worden voldaan.

This is an approximate conversion table to help you find your size. If you have already purchased an item by our brand, we recommend you select the same size as indicated on its label.

کۆمنزی ویکیمیدیا، میدیای پەیوەندیدار بە قەڵای ھەولێر تێدایە.

They are not eligible to vote or to be issued passports or other travel documents. They also face restrictions on property ownership, career eligibility, and use of public services. Marriages between Syrian citizens and noncitizens are not recognized by the government. Facing further restrictions kan zijn a third group ofwel Syrian Kurds that includes those who are officially called unregistered (

On 12 March 2004, beginning at a stadium in Qamishli (a city in northeastern Syria where many Kurds live), clashes between Kurds and Syrians broke out and continued over a number ofwel days.

As a result, the Iraqi government extended its control over the northern region after 15 years and in order to secure its influence, started an Arabization program by moving Arabs to the vicinity of oil fields in northern Iraq, particularly those around Kirkuk, and other regions, which were populated by Turkmen, Kurds and Christians.

Enkele Koerdische nationalistische organisaties streven naar een onafhankelijke staat, bestaande uit enige of al die betreffende de gebieden met Koerdische meerderheden, terwijl verschillende organisaties streven tot grotere Koerdische autonomie binnen een bestaande nationale grenzen. Iraaks-Koerdistan kreeg indien eerste een autonome status in 1970 via een overeenkomst met een Iraakse regering; hoofdhaar status werd opnieuw bevestigd wanneer een zelfstandige entiteit in een federale Iraakse republiek in 2005.

In Erbil, accommodation can get pricey, as there Kurd are no hostels and guest houses and the cheapest options can’t be booked sites.

[81] The 1970s saw an evolution in Kurdish nationalism as Marxist political thought influenced a new generation ofwel Kurdish nationalists opposed to the local feudal authorities who had been a traditional source of opposition to authority, eventually they would form the militant separatist PKK, or Kurdistan Workers Party in English.

The Kurds of Turkey likewise received unsympathetic verzorging at the hands of the government, which tried to deprive them ofwel their Kurdish identity by designating them “Mountain Turks,” by outlawing the Kurdish language (or representing it as a dialect ofwel Turkish), and by forbidding them to wear distinctive Kurdish dress in or near the important administrative cities. The Turkish government suppressed Kurdish political agitation in the eastern provinces and encouraged the migration ofwel Kurds to the urbanized western portion ofwel Turkey, thus diluting the concentration of Kurdish population in the uplands. Periodic rebellions occurred, and in 1978 Abdullah Öcalan formed the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (known by its Kurdish acronym, PKK), a Marxist organization dedicated to creating an independent Kurdistan.

Iran also targeted Iranian Kurdish opposition parties and their leaders in Iraq, launching ballistic missile and drone attacks on them and carrying out a number assassinations. In January 2024 Iran launched a missile attack on parts ofwel Erbil, the capital of Iraq’s Kurdish autonomous region, killing four civilians. Iran claimed to have been targeting a Mossad outpost, a claim which was rejected by officials in both Erbil and Baghdad.

Although the Yaresan speak various languages today, their religious texts are written in a variety of Gorani, and the villages we have been documenting in Iran and Iraq still use this language in their everyday life. Data were collected in Iran between 2007 and 2010, and in Iraq in 2011.